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Autotransformers

Autotransformer-choke ballasts

For lamp output in the range between 6 … 9 kW, an autotransformer-choke ballast usually suits best. In most cases, this solution is less expensive than a leakage-field transformer.

An autotransformer  typically transforms the mains voltage to
660 Volts. This enables the use of chokes, connected in parallel if necessary, to operate a lamp. Depending on the design of the chokes, the operation at various steps is also possible, up to an operating voltage of the lamp of approx. 320 to 450 Volts; the typical value is 440 … 450 Volts. Up to a voltage of 660 Volts, commercially available contactors can still be used; these are usually also suitable for voltages of up to 690 Volts.

If the choke(s) is (are) replaced by a controllable transductor, the result is a continuously variable ballast.

An additional ignitor starts the lamp. In spite of the 660 Volts, the commercially available 400 Volts ignition units can be used if the circuit is designed accordingly.

As autotransformers and chokes are inductive components, they generate an undesired phase shift between mains voltage and mains current that must be compensated for by compensation capacitors.

cos phi choke = approx. 0.5 … 0.55
cos phi target = approx. 0.9 due to the capacitors


 
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